Kunhuhwirira kwechingwa chichangobva kubikwa kumba Zvinoita sezvinonakidza kubva pazuva rekutanga: unobvisa chivharo cheovheni, hwema hunodziya hunobuda, uye kamwe kamwe chaunoda kuita kugadzira tositi nejamu yakagadzirwa kumba kana sandwich yakazara. Chingwa chesandwich chakagadzirwa kumba, kana chaitwa nemazvo, chine goko rakapfava, rakatetepa rinoruma zvinyoro uye chidimbu chakapfava, chisina kufanana nezvingwa zvakawanda zvinogadzirwa mumaindasitiri zvakazara nezvinhu zvinochengetedza.
Kupfuura kunaka kwazvo, Kubika chingwa chakachekwa kumba kuri nyore kwazvo Hazvisi nyore sezvazvinoita. Haufanire kuva mubiki ane hunyanzvi kana kuva nemusanganiswa wehunyanzvi: nendiro, maoko ako, pani yechingwa kana zvimwe zvakafanana, uye mamwe mazano akakosha, unogona kuwana mukana wekuita izvi. chingwa chakareba, chakachekwa zvakanaka uye izvozvo zvinogara zvinyoro kwemazuva akati wandei. Pazasi uchawana, nhanho nhanho, maitiro ekuita izvi, zvikanganiso zvekudzivisa, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa resipi kuti ienderane nezvaunoda.
Chii chinonzi chingwa chakanaka chinogadzirwa kumba?
Kana tichitaura nezvechingwa chakachekwa chakagadzirwa kumba, Hatisi kureva zvingwa zviya zvakapfava, zvisina kunaka. Zvinouya mumabhegi epurasitiki uye zvinogara kwemavhiki pasina dambudziko. Chingwa chakanaka chakagadzirwa kumba chingwa chaicho, chine kuviriswa kwakakodzera, kubikwa kwakakodzera, uye runyorwa rupfupi rwezvinhu zvinosanganisirwa: hupfu, mvura (mvura uye/kana mukaka), mbiriso, munyu, mafuta mashoma, uye shuga kana huchi.
Chinoonekwa sechingwa chakapfuma nekuti Inosanganisira zvinhu zvinopa hunyoro uye kunaka kwakanyanya, senge mukaka, bota, kana mafuta, uye kunyange huchi kana shuga. Nekuda kweizvi, chidimbu chacho chakapfava kupfuura chechingwa chekare, uye goko racho rakatetepa uye rakapfava, rakakwana pakubikira kana masangweji.
Uyewo, Musiyano mukuru kana tichiuenzanisa nechingwa chemumaindasitiri uri muzvinowedzera.Kumba, hatiisi mishonga yekuchengetedza kana mishonga isinganzwisisike yemakemikari. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chingwa hachizogari chakapfava kwemavhiki maviri, asi nekudaro, chichava nekuravira, magadzirirwo, uye kukosha kwekudya. Uye kana wakarongeka zvakanaka, hauzombovi nematambudziko ekuchengetedza.
Uye kana izvo zvisina kukwana, Chimiro chakaumbwa chine mukana mukuruKana chikabikwa mupani yechingwa (senge tin yekeke yeplum kana dhishi regirazi rePyrex), chingwa chinokwira kumusoro, chinoreba uye chinoenzana, chakakodzera kuchekwa. Kana uchida kushandisa mari shoma, kune mapani chaiwo ane chivharo anowanikwa, asi haakoshi kuti uwane mhedzisiro inoshamisa.
Hupfu, zvinwiwa nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa: hwaro hwekubudirira
Chimwe chezvakavanzika zvechingwa chinonaka chine nyoro ndechekuti sarudza hupfu hwakakodzera uye rudzi rwemvura zvauchashandisa. Hadzisi hupfu hwese hunoita zvakafanana, uye zvinwiwa zvese hazvipe hunyoro hwakafanana.
Hupfu hwakasimba ndiyo sarudzo inonyanya kukurudzirwa Kana chingwa chine mweya wakawanda chine chimiro chakanaka, furawa iyi ine mapuroteni akawanda (gluten) kupfuura furawa yakajairwa, zvichiita kuti mukanyiwa uve wakasimba. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvidimbu zvirambe zvichidzivirira gasi kubva mukuvirisa zviri nani, zvichiita kuti chingwa chiwedzere kukwira. Kana uine furawa yegorosi yakajairwa chete, unogona kuishandisawo, asi ziva kuti chingwa chichava chipfupi zvishoma uye chisina kupfava zvakanyanya, kunyange zvazvo chicharamba chichinaka.
Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka sanganisa hupfu huchena nehwegorosi rose Kuti uwane chingwa chakakura chine faibha yakawanda, unogona kushandisa hafu yefurawa yegorosi yakajairika (inenge 300g) uye hafu yefurawa yegorosi rose (imwe 300g). Muzviitiko izvi, zvakakosha kungwarira zvakanyanya pakunyorovesa mvura uye kukanya, sezvo furawa yegorosi rose ichitora mvura yakawanda uye inowanzo gadzira zvidimbu zvakakora zvishoma kana pasina mvura yakakwana kana kukanya.
Nezvemvura, Musanganiswa wemvura nemukaka unopa mhedzisiro yakaringanaMukaka unowedzera kupfava, kupfava, uye kuravira kwemukaka zvishoma, nepo mvura ichirerutsa zvidimbu uye ichiita kuti mukanyiwa uve nyore kubata. Kana uchida chingwa chakapfava, chakaita sepiro, unogona kutsiva mvura imwe kana yese nemukaka; kana huwandu hwemukaka hwakawedzera, chingwa chichava chakapfava, kunyange zvazvo chichava chakaoma zvishoma.
Nezvemafuta, Unogona kushandisa mafuta kana mafutaMafuta (semuenzaniso, mafuta emuorivhi asina kunyorova kana mafuta ezuva) anopa zvidimbu zvakapfava uye kunaka kwakasununguka, nepo bota richiwedzera kunaka kunonakidza, kunowanzoitwa nezvingwa zvakawanda zvekutengesa zvemhando yepamusoro. Huwandu hwacho hausi hukuru (anenge 12-20 g muresipi ine 600 g yefurawa), asi zvinoita mutsauko mukuru pakunyorova.
Muchidimbu, a shuga shoma kana huchi (Chipunu chimwe chete, kana anenge 10g) chinobatsira kuwedzera goko regoridhe uye chinowedzera kutapira zvishoma. Kana uchida chingwa chinotapira, unogona kuwedzera huwandu hwacho sezvaunoda, asi usapfuure kuti chirambe chichinaka sechingwa kwete keke.
Ndeipi mbiriso yekushandisa uye maitiro ekudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakajairika
Mubhekari, Hazvisi mbiriso chete inokodzera.Zvakakosha kusiyanisa mbiriso yemubiki neupfu hwekubikisa (senge yekubikisa nemakemikari kana upfu hwekubikisa). Upfu hwekubikisa hauna kukodzera kugadzira chingwa chemasangweji; ndehwemabatter anobikwa zvakananga, akadai semakeke kana mamuffin.
Pachingwa chako chakachekwa unofanira kushandisa mbiriso yechingwaMbiriso inogona kunge iri itsva kana kuti yakaomeswa. Mbiriso yakaomeswa inowanzo wanikwa mumapaketi madiki uye yakanyorwa kuti "mbiriso yemubiki yakaomeswa." Mbiriso itsva inotengeswa mumacubes akachengetwa mufiriji. Senhungamiro, inenge 5 g yembiriso yakaomeswa yakaenzana neinenge 15 g yembiriso itsva painenge 600 g yefurawa.
Kukanganisa kwakajairika ndiko isa munyu zvakananga nembiriso Kubva pakutanga chaipo. Munyu wakawanda unogona kudzikamisa kushanda kwembiriso uye kutoiparadza. Saka, zvakanaka kutanga wasanganisa mvura, hupfu, nembiriso, wotanga kukanya, wozowedzera munyu gare gare, kana mukanyiwa wakura zvishoma. Nenzira iyi, zvese zvichaviriswa zvakanaka uye zvidimbu zvichave nemhepo yakanaka.
Chiyero chemunyu chine basawo: Pa 500g yefurawa, inenge 10g yemunyu inokwana. Kuti chingwa chive chinonaka pasina kuwedzera kunaka kwacho, kana ukawedzera hupfu kusvika pa 1 kg kaviri, haufanire kuwedzera munyu kaviri; anenge 16 g anowanzo wedzera. Munyu wakawandisa unogona kuita kuti mukanyiwa uome zvishoma uye kukanganisa kunaka kwekupedzisira.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha kuremekedza nguva dzinomukaUsaedza kukurumidzisa maitiro acho zvakanyanya nekukwidza tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya kana kuisa mukanyiwa pedyo nenzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya. Zvakanaka, unofanira kuvirisa munzvimbo inodziya, isina mhepo inotonhorera. Kana imba yako ichitonhora, unogona kupisa ovheni kusvika pa40°C (104°F), woidzima, wosiya ndiro kana pani mukati: muinenge awa imwe chete kana kupfuura, mukanyiwa unofanira kupetwa kaviri.
Kukosha kwemukanyiwa wakapfava uye une mvura yakawanda
Vazhinji vanotanga vanowana kusagadzikana kushanda neupfu hunonamira uye hwakanyorovaZvisinei, kuti uwane chingwa chine chidimbu chakaita sechinopfapfaidza, zviri nani kuti chidimbu chive chakapfava pane kuti chive chakaoma. Mukanyiwa wakaoma unobereka chingwa chakaoma, chakaoma; mukanyiwa wakanyorova, kunyangwe ukanamira pakutanga, unoguma waita chidimbu chakapfava, chinopfava.
Pakusanganisa zvinhu, zvakajairika kuti pakutanga mukanyiwa unonamira pamaoko ako uye pacountertopChinhu chakakosha ndechekudzivisa muedzo wekuwedzera tsama dzeupfu kuti "uome." Ita izvi chete kana zvichidikanwa, uye zvishoma, uzvisase zvishoma panzvimbo yako yebasa.
Nekukanya, Mukanyiwa uchachinja magadzirirwoIchabva pakunamira uye kusviba zvishoma kusvika pakunyorova, kunamira zvakanyanya, uye kunyorova kusvika pakuibata. Uchada kushanda kwemaminitsi angangoita gumi (kungave nemaoko, mu mixer, kana mu food processor seThermomix) kuti gluten ikure uye mukanyiwa uwane chimiro chakakwana.
Kana ukakanya nemaoko, unogona kushandisa nzira iri nyore: peta mukanyiwa pamusoro pawo kakawanda, uchidzvanya kuti mweya uburitswe uye usimbiswe. Kukanya zvine hasha kana kuti zvinoramba zvichiitwa hazvidiwi: kuchinjana nguva yekukanya nekuzorora kwemaminitsi mashoma kunobatsira kuti gluten ikure pasina kukunetesa.
Pfungwa yakanaka ndeyekuti rini Mukanyiwa wacho unoita sewakapfava uye wakatsetsekaHaichanamati mumaoko ako zvakanyanya (kunyange zvazvo ingave ichiri kunyorova zvishoma) uye unogona kuitambanudza zvishoma isina kutyoka pakarepo. Ndiyo nguva yekuumba bhora, kuirega ichizorora, uye kubvumira kuvira kwekutanga kuti kutange.
Kukwira kwekutanga: nguva, tembiricha uye manomano
Kana yangokandwa, yasvika nguva yekuti mbiriso iite mashiripiti ayo. Gadzira bhora nehupfuIva nechokwadi chekuti musono (nzvimbo inosangana mipendero) uri pamusoro kana uchiuisa mundiro yekuyedza. Zadza ndiro zvishoma nemafuta mashoma kuitira kuti mukanyiwa uve nyore kubvisa gare gare.
Fukidza ndiro ne firimu rekubatanidza kana jira rakachena kudzivirira kuti pamusoro payo pasaome. Kana tembiricha yemumba yakajairika, mukanyiwa unotora awa imwe nehafu kuti uwedzere kuwanda kaviri, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingasiyana zvichienderana nekuti unotonhora here kana kuti unodziya. Munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvikuru, nguva yacho inogona kureba zvakanyanya.
Kana imba yako ichitonhora, une sarudzo yekuti isa ndiro muovheni yakadzima iyo yawakamboipisa kwemaminitsi mashoma panzvimbo yakaderera (inenge 40ºC). Pakupisa uku kwakapfava, kufashaidzwa kunokurumidza, asi pasina kukuvadza mbiriso kana kubika mukanyiwa.
Munzvimbo dzinopisa zvikuru, zvinokurudzirwa tsvaga nzvimbo inotonhorera yembaSemuenzaniso, chengeta mukanyiwa mupantry kana pasi pevhu, uchidzivisa nzvimbo dzine mhepo inotonhorera. Unogonawo kusarudza kufashaira zvishoma nezvishoma mufiriji, uchichengeta mukanyiwa wakavharwa panguva imwe neimwe yekumuka. Kana zvakadaro, yeuka kuti uchafanira kuzorora patembiricha yemukamuri usati waumba kana kubheka.
Kana mukanyiwa wawedzera kaviri, inguva yekuti bvisa gasi zvishomaTendeudza mukanyiwa panzvimbo yebasa yakapfurwa zvishoma, woita kuti unyatsoita kuti mhepo yose ibude, wobva warega uchizorora kwemaminitsi mashanu wakafukidzwa nejira usati wauumba kuti ukwane.
Yakagadzirirwa pani: nzira yekuwana chingwa chakareba uye chakaenzana
Kuti chingwa chakachekwa chitaridzike zvakanaka mukati nekunze, Kugadzira chimiro idanho guruHazvisi zvekungoisa mukanyiwa muchimiro chete, asi zvekutambanudza nekuupeta kuitira kuti mukati muve makaenzana uye musina mipata.
Tanga nekukanda mukanyiwa nepini yekumonera kusvika waita rectangle ine ukobvu hwakaenzanaUpamhi hwerectangle iyoyo hunofanira kunge hwakafanana kana kuti hupfupi zvishoma pane hurefu hwechiumbwa chauchashandisa (semuenzaniso, chimwe chine 11 x 30 cm). Nenzira iyi, paunochipeta, chidimbu chacho chichakwana zvakanaka muchiumbwa.
Ipapo Peta mukanyiwa seSwiss roll.Kudzvanya zvakasimba pese painotendeuka kuti ive diki sezvinobvira. Izvi zvinobatsira kuona kuti chidimbu hachina mipata mikuru mukati panguva yekubika uye kuti chingwa chinokwira zvakaenzana.
Paunosvika kumagumo erectangle, Iva nechokwadi chekuvhara mupendero zvakanaka.Dzvanya kana kudzvanya musono kuti usavhurike panguva yekukwira kana kubikwa. Musono uyu unofanira kutarisa pasi paunenge uchiisa chidimbu muchimiro.
Pisa chikobvu zvishoma nebhota kana mafuta, zvakakwana kuti zvisanamatirawoisa mukanyiwa mukati. Neruoko rwako, unogona kuubata zvinyoro nyoro kuitira kuti ukwane zvakanaka mumakona ese, kunyanya mativi, uchiita shuwa kuti hapana mipata pakati pemukanyiwa nemadziro emold.
Kumuka kwechipiri uye kwagadzirira kubikwa
Mukanyiwa wava muchimiro, kukwira kwechipiri kana kuvirisa kwekupedzisira kunotanga. Danho iri rinokosha kuti chingwa chisimuke zvakanaka. uye chidimbu chichava chakapfava sezvaunoda. Pano, shivirira zvishoma zvakakosha: kana mukanyiwa ukagara kwenguva yakareba, mhedzisiro yacho ichave yakanaka.
Fukidza chiumbwa ne jira redonje rakanyoroveswa zvishoma uye rakapwanyika zvakanakaKuti pamusoro payo pasaome, unogona kuiputira nepurasitiki, uchisiya nzvimbo yakakwana yekuti mukanyiwa usimukire zvakasununguka. Munzvimbo inodziya, kukwidza uku kwekupedzisira kunogona kugara pakati peawa imwe nehafu, kusvika mukanyiwa wava kuda kusvika kumucheto kwepani (inenge 1 cm).
Kana ukashandisa ovheni zvakare kana yadziya (inodziiswa kusvika pa40°C yodzimwa), Hazvina kukosha kufukidza mukanyiwaNzvimbo yeovheni inodzivirira mukanyiwa kubva pakudhonza uye kuoma. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, chingwa chinogona kugadzirwa munenge hafu yeawa nekuti tembiricha inokurumidzisa kukwira kwemukanyiwa.
Usati wabika, unogona Shamba pamusoro pechingwa chakachekwa nemukaka mudiki Kana uchitsvaga jira rakatsetseka, rakapfava, kana nemvura kuti rive neganda rinopenya zvishoma uye rinopenya. Kukwesha uku kunobatsirawo kugadzira ruvara rwakafanana panguva yekubika.
Chinokosha panguva ino ndechekusakundikana kana kunyanyisa: kana ukabika usina kukwira zvakakwanaChingwa chichava chakaomarara uye chakatsetseka; kana ukachisiya kwenguva yakareba, chinogona kuvirisa zvakanyanya uye kunyura zvishoma muovheni. Kazhinji, kana mukanyiwa uchidzoka zvishoma nezvishoma kana ukadzvanywa zvinyoro nyoro nemunwe, unenge wagadzirira kuovheni.
Kubika: tembiricha, nguva uye magadzirirwo eganda
Kubika ndiyo nguva inokosha apo Basa rese rekare rinoita kuti chingwa chive chakapfava. uye yakatsvukira zvakanaka. Zvakakosha kuti upise ovheni zvakanaka kuitira kuti, paunoisa pani, pave nekupisa kukuru kwekutanga.
Maitiro akajairika ndeekuti Pisa ovheni kusvika pa250°C (230°C kana uchishandisa feni) uye chengetedza tembiricha yakanyanya kwemaminitsi makumi maviri ekutanga ekubika. Kutanga uku kwakasimba kunokurudzira "chitubu" kana kuti kukwira kwekupedzisira kwemukanyiwa mukati meovheni, zvichikonzera chingwa chakareba.
Mushure mekunge nguva iyoyo yapera, zvinokurudzirwa kuti deredza tembiricha kusvika pa180°C (175°C nefeni) uye ramba uchibika kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Izvi zvinoita kuti mukati mupedzwe zvakanaka pasina kutsva kana kuoma zvakanyanya.
Mune dzimwe shanduro dzinokurumidza, inobikwa zvakananga pa pakupisa kweinenge 180°C kwemaminitsi 12-15kusvika pamusoro pacho patsvukira. Chero zvazvingava, nguva yese inoenderana nehukuru hwepani, huwandu hwemukanyiwa, uye ovheni pachayo, saka zvakanaka kutarisa ruvara rweganda racho uye, kana usina chokwadi, baya chingwa zvishoma kuti uone kana chichinzwika chisina chinhu kana uchichibaya kubva pasi.
Kana zvabuda muchoto, zvakakosha rega chingwa chigadzikaneKutanga, rega zvitonhore mupoto kwemaawa mashoma kuitira kuti zvidimbu zvinyatsooma. Wobva wazvisunungura nokungwarira wozviisa pawaya kuti zvitonhore zvakakwana, kana kutoti husiku hwese, usati wacheka kana uchida kucheka kwakachena.
Kuchengetedza: maitiro ekuchengetedza crumb yakapfava kwemazuva akati wandei
Chingwa chakachekwa chakagadzirwa kumba, nekuti hachina zvinochengetedza, Ine hupenyu hupfupi Kusiyana nechingwa chinogadzirwa muzvitoro, ichi chinogara zvakanaka kwemazuva matatu kusvika mana kana ukachibata zvakanaka. Kazhinji chinonyorova uye chine muto mumazuva maviri ekutanga.
Kana uchida kuti goko rirambe rakapfava, chinhu chakanakisa ndechekuti chengeta chingwa mubhegi repurasitiki Kana chatonhora chose. Zvakakosha kuremekedza izvi: kana ukaisa chingwa chichiri kupisa, utsi hwachinoburitsa huchapinda mubhegi uye goko racho richanyorova uye rinenge ranyorova, riine magadzirirwo asina kunaka.
Kana uchida goko rakati simbei, unogona chengeta chingwa mubhegi rechingwa rejira Kana kuputirwa nejira rakachena redonje, panzvimbo yakaoma patembiricha yemumba. Nenzira iyi zvidimbu zvicharamba zvakapfava, asi goko richaramba rakapfava kana kuti rakasimba.
Imwe nzira inoshanda zvikuru ndeye cheka chingwa wochiisa mufiriji Zuva rimwe chete raunobika. Nenzira iyi, pese paunoda chingwa chinopiswa kana sandwich, unongofanira kubvisa zvidimbu zvauchadya wozviisa zvakananga mutoaster: munguva isingasviki miniti, zvinenge zvanyatsonaka, sekunge zvagadzirwa zvitsva.
Iyi nzira yechando yakachekwa-chekwa Inoshanda zvakanaka zvakafanana nechingwa chebaguette.Chero bedzi uchicheka usati waiisa mufiriji. Nenzira iyi unodzivisa kunyungudutsa zvidimbu zvese uye kuderedza marara, sezvo uchishandisa chete zvaunoda chero nguva.
Mabikirwo ekutanga echingwa chemasandwich chakapfava
Zvichibva papfungwa dziri pamusoro apa, tinogona kupfupikisa misanganiswa miviri inowanzoshandiswa yezvinhu Kugadzira chingwa chakapfava chakagadzirwa kumba: chichena chekare uye chimwe chine musanganiswa wefurawa yakazara.
Imwe yenzira dziri nyore dzekugadzira chingwa chemhando yeindasitiri, chine goko rakapfava uye chidimbu chakaita sechinopfapfaidza, inosanganisira: 500 g yeupfu hwesimba150 ml yemukaka unodziya, 120 ml yemvura inodziya, anenge 12 ml yemafuta, zai rimwe chete, chipunu chimwe chete cheshuga kana huchi (unogona kuwedzera huwandu hwacho kana uchida hunotapira), 10 g yemunyu uye sachet imwe yembiriso yemubiki wakaomeswa.
Mune iyi vhezheni, Mazai nemukaka zvinowedzera kupfava Ine zvidimbu zvakapfava uye inonaka zvishoma, inenge yakaita sekeke yakapfava. Yakanakira kugocha nejamu kana bota, uye masangweji ane muto, sezvo ichinwisa zviri mukati zvakanaka pasina kupwanyika nyore nyore.
Imwe nzira inonakidza yekusanganisa 300g yefurawa chena uye 300g yefurawa yehupfu hwese200g yemukaka, 200g yemvura, 20g yebhota, 10g yeuchi, 7g yemunyu, uye 5g yembiriso yemubiki wakaomeswa (kana anenge 15g kana ukasarudza mbiriso itsva). Mugumisiro wacho chingwa chinonaka, chine kunaka kwakanyanya uye fiber yakawanda, ukuwo chichiri kuchengetedza magadzirirwo akanaka, ane mhepo.
Muzviitiko zvose izvi, maitiro ekukanya, kusimudza, uye kubika akafanana zvikuru: Sanganisa zvinhu, kanda kusvika mukanyiwa wava nyore kupfavaRega ivirise kusvika yawedzera kaviri, degas, iite roll yeforoma, ita kukwira kwechipiri kusvika yava kuda kusvika kumucheto uye, pakupedzisira, bika patembiricha yakakodzera.
Kana wangoziva zvinhu izvi zvekutanga, Unogona kugadzirisa huwandu uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa sezvaunoda: mukaka wakawanda kuti chingwa chive chakapfava, huchi hushoma kuti chive chinotapira, musanganiswa weupfu (spelt, rye, nezvimwewo) kuti zvive zvakasiyana-siyana… Chinhu chakakosha kuchengetedza chiyero chakanaka pakati pemvura, kukanya uye kuvirisa.
Nemazano ese aya, mazano ekushandisa, uye nguva dzakarongwa zvakanaka, zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti sei chero ani zvake, kunyangwe asina ruzivo rwekareUnogona kuedza kubika chingwa chakachekwa kumba nemhedzisiro inoshamisa. Kubva pachingwa chekudya kwekuseni kusvika kumasandwiches anonaka, chingwa chine goko rakapfava, zvidimbu zvidiki, uye kunaka kwechokwadi kusina kufanana nechingwa chinotengwa muchitoro, zvese izvi zvichikufadza kuti wakachigadzira wega kubva pakutanga.